Proof of the Big Bang Model

I recently finished a book called Big Bang by Simon Singh which explained the history of the Big Bang debate and chronicled its transition from accepted theory to proven model. Below I will list the criterion for an accurate model of the universe based on observational data and how the Big Bang model fits them.

1. Observed redshift and expanding universe- expected from a universe that is created in a dense state and then expands.
2. Abundances of atoms- George Gamow and colleagues showed that the energy from a 'Big Bang' would create the exact ratios of hydrogen to helium; Fred Hoyle explained that other heavier atoms are formed in stars.
3. Formation of galaxies- in 1992 COBE satellite detected tiny variations in CMB radiation indicating tiny variations in density of early universe which would create galaxies.
4. Distribution of galaxies- varies with distance as shown by Martin Ryle; young galaxies such as quasars are observed--but only at great distances-- as they would have appeared only just after the Big Bang (would take so long for light to reach Earth).
5.Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)- this echo of the Big Bang was predicted by Gamow, Alpher, and Herman in 1948 and was detected on accident by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. It was the predicted wavelength and came from all directions.
6. Age of the universe- recent age measurements show that the objects in the universe are younger than the universe itself, so everything is consistent.

Unfortunately, there is still no explanation for the creation of the universe and there may never be one. Nonetheless we discovered how the universe began and how it developed to be what we see today, all without straying far from Earth.

The Paradoxicality